Problem 14-75

According to le Chatelier, when a system has a different number of particles on two sides of an equilibrium, if more "space" is produced by:

• expanding the volume of a gas
• increasing the volume of a solution (by dilution = adding water)

then, the equilibrium shifts towards the direction where there are more particles

For an acid, it is always to the right since: HA(aq) ⇌ H⁺(aq) + A⁻(aq)

%dissociation is not a measure of concentration. A 1 mol/L HF solution is 2.7% dissociated, but if this acid is poured into the ocean, its dissociation will be 100% (more space). However, at the same time, its concentration will be close to zero!